Abstract

Neil Leat, Liezle Ehrenreich, Mongi Benjeddou and Sean Davison

Sexual assault is a significant problem facing South African society. The South African Police service indicates that between April 2003 and March 2004 over 52 733 rapes were reported. Our research focuses on the development and implementation of genetic identity testing systems for use in sexual assault cases. Genetic identity testing is achieved by examining polymorphic regions of DNA. Typically sets of polymorphisms are examined together to provide a genetic profile. The polymorphic markers most commonly used lie on the autosomal (1-22) chromosomes. While they have an excellent capacity to distinguish between individuals they do have disadvantages. In sexual assault cases it is often difficult to separate the female victim’s profile from the rapist’s profile. Analysis of Y-chromosome markers overcomes this by generating male specific profiles. In this review we highlight recent developments in the use of Y-chromosome markers in forensic genetics