Abstract

Ephraim Yang, E. V sadou and Mafany Inoni

The aim of this study was to establish the ecology and the distribution patterns of the endemics Piper L. in
the Guineo-Congolean region including the Lower Guinea, the Higher Guinea, the Congo Basin and the
Mosaic of Lake Victoria. The distribution stretches from Senegal to Tanzania. Piper capensis and Piper
guineense are both represented in Lower Guinea and Congo Basin; these phytochoria are eco-regions of
endemism in Africa. P. guineense, hemi-epiphyte liana, appears mostly in fragmented vegetations. Its
distribution is extended up to 1,500 m. P. capensis is mostly abundant between 1,000 to 2,500 m where
homogeneous populations are often made in the gaps. Members of P. capensis are dwarves at the level of
the understory and rarely attain 1 m in height; however, those from gaps are often between 2 to 3 m. The
variation in the height of individuals is closely related to light; a phytosociological study has shown an
abundance of herbs within the population of P. capensis. The dwarfism of the individuals in the understory
is assigned to an adaptation character of the species. This dwarfism is a consequence of its plagiotropic
branches that is beneficial for photosynthesis. The “ late turning green” of leaves save the individuals of
the understory from leaf predators; in the gap where the sunlight boosts the process of photosynthesis,
certain individuals establish “opportunist” symbiosis with ants. The flowering is related to the humid
periods of the year. Fruits are mostly abundant during the dry season.