Abstract

Abdirahman Ahmed Osman

Background: Salmonella infection risk is higher in populations that lack access to safe water and adequate sanitation. Poor communities and vulnerable groups including children are at highest risk. Improved living conditions and the administration of antibiotics resulted in a drastic reduction of salmonella infection morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. In developing areas of Africa, the Americas, south-east Asia and the western pacific regions, however, the disease continues to be a public health problem. Even when the symptoms go away, people may still be carrying typhoid bacteria. Method: This study was descriptive in design which means to describe the problem under investigation. In this type of design, the research aims to describe the prevalence and anti-microbial susceptibility testing of salmonella isolated from feces of patients with diarrhea. The study was also cross sectional. In this type of design, the researcher intended to collect re- search data at one point in time. The study was also quantitative in design which means to determine a particular problem numerically. The target populations were people with diarrhea those who visit at Egyptian hospital. The studies were conducted in two months estimate patients during that time were 50 patients. Results: The majority of the respondents 20 (39.2%) were between 20-30 years old, 12 (23.5%) were between 10- 20 years old, 10(19.6%) were between 30-40 years old, while only 8(15.7%) were between >40 years. The majority of the respondents 28 (54.9%) were male, while only 22 (43.1%) were female. The majority of the patient results 29 (56.9%) were other species, 17 (33.3%) were Salmonella typhi, while only 4 (7.8%) Salmonella paratyphi. High rates of resistance against multiple antimicrobials were observed in most of the isolates. The isolates showed 100% resistance to each of ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and Cephalothine, and 90% to ceftriaxone. The least effective drugs were chloramphenicol 14%, ceftriaxone and Norfloxcine 5% for both of them. The most effective drugs were ciprofloxacin, with 57% isolates being susceptible to the drug. The most resistant isolates were Salmonella typhi, which showed 87.5% resistance to ampicillin, 75% to chloramphenicol, and 62.5% to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that, most prevalent salmonella strains that cause the majority of acute diarrheal diseases in this study belonged to S.Typhi. The results indicate high rates of antibiotic resistance against S.Typhi. The higher resistance ob- served to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid Cephalothine, and to ceftriaxone is of major concern. Most effective drug was ciprofloxacin.