Abstract

Bernard Ortwer Atu, Ifeoma Nancy I. Obijiaku*and Sabo Ezemuel Yakubu

Pathogenic intestinal protozoa have been associated with human gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. This study was designed to determine the prevalence & associated risk factors of Cryptosporidium parvum (CP), Entamoeba histolytica (EH) and Giardia lamblia (GL) infections in people living in the senatorial districts of Benue state (zones A, B and C). A cross-sectional study was designed in which 733 stool samples were collected from out-patients and apparently healthy individuals from homes. Ethical consent was sought and approved before sample collection. Samples were analyzed using the Rida® Quick immunochromatographic method. A structured questionnaire was administered to subjects to obtain information on their socio-demographic characteristics. The results showed a total prevalence rate of 47.8, 31.5 and 43.9% in zones A, B and C respectively. While source of drinking water was positively associated with protozoa infections in zones A and C, age, hand washing habit and source of food were statistically significant only in zone A (p < 0.05). In zone B, literacy level, household toilet facility and care of fruits significantly increased infection rates (p < 0.05). This study has identified specific risk factors responsible for pathogenic protozoa infections in humans in Benue state.