Causes and symptoms of typhoid fever

Jin Park^*
*Correspondence: Jin Park, Department of Epidemiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Email:

Received: 11-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. AJIDD-22-76900; Editor assigned: 14-Oct-2022, Pre QC No. AJIDD-22-76900 (PQ); Reviewed: 28-Oct-2022, QC No. AJIDD-22-76900; Revised: 27-Jan-2023, Manuscript No. AJIDD-22-76900 (R); Published: 03-Feb-2023

Editorial

Salmonella typhi bacteria are the main cause of typhoid fever. In affluent areas, typhoid fever is infrequent. In the developing world, it continues to be a significant health risk, particularly for children. Typhoid fever is carried on by contaminated food, water, or close contact with an infected person. The mainly two symptoms of typhoid are fever and rashes. The temperature associated with typhoid is extremely high, progressively increasing over several days to 104ºF. Rose colored patches make up the rash, which does not impact everyone and is most apparent on the neck and abdomen. The asymptomatic phase of an infection usually lasts for the first 12-48 hours. A person won't show any symptoms at this point, but the infection can still spread to others. By the third phase, the bacteria already are present in the blood, and the patient will exhibit additional flu like signs such as a high fever. The course of the infection, though, may range significantly between individuals. Typhoid fever can be treated with antibiotics. For regions impacted by resistance to antibiotics, especially resistance to fluoroquinolones, newer antibiotics such cephalosporins and azithromycin are administered. Although there have been isolated indications of azithromycin resistance, it is not yet prevalent. Individuals may still have typhoid bacteria in their systems even after their symptoms diminish, making them contagious through their digestive system. Administer the prescription antibiotics as prescribed by your physician. Before utilizing the shower, they must wash their hands with water and soap. They should also avoid preparation or serving meals to the others. This will decrease the risk of spreading the virus to other people. After the commencement of their severe initial illness with typhoid, help detect may continue to produce bacteria for up to one year. Considering areas with poor sanitation and a shortage of clean drinking water, typhoid disease is prevalent. Typhoid fever can be prevented by having clean drinking water and proper sanitation, following good food handling hygiene, and receiving a typhoid vaccine. People have been protected against typhoid fever for a long time by two vaccinations.

A purified antigen based injectable vaccine for individuals over the age of two, a live attenuated oral vaccine in tablets or capsules for individuals over the age of five. These vaccinations are not suggested for use in children under the age of two since they do cannot offer long lasting immunity. Typhoid fever can be treated successfully with a variety of medications. Chloramphenicol was the drug of selection for a long time. Other powerful antibiotics have taken the role of chloramphenicol due to its exceptionally severe adverse effects. By identifying the location of the infection, the selection of antibiotics is influenced (certain strains from South America show a significant resistance to some antibiotics.) Patients receive antibiotic therapy once again if exacerbations actually occur. Method integrates for preventing and treating typhoid fever include promoting good hygiene, enhancing water quality, using safe water for all purposes, improving sanitary facilities, and ensuring appropriate and prompt access to medical treatment. Antibiotics can be used to treat the condition, but increasing antimicrobial resistance is complicating care. Typhoid vaccination can help cut back on antibiotic use, which will postpone the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Typhoid vaccinations are crucial in preventing both epidemics and endemic infectious diseases. Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) is chosen over other typhoid vaccinations at all ages due to its enhanced immunologic qualities, suitability for use in younger children, and predicted longer time of protection.