Wolfgang Vautz^*
*Correspondence: Wolfgang Vautz, Department of Ecological Dynamics Group, Wageningen Marine Research, IJmuiden, Netherlands, Email:

Received: 09-Dec-2021 Published: 30-Dec-2021

Editorial Note

The journal also considers articles on environmental, behavioral and population ecology as well as biodiversity of plants, animals and microbes. It aim to bring important work using any ecological approach to a global audience and therefore only publish papers with strong, ecological messages that advance our understanding of ecological principles. It is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that offers authors a forum for the publication of the most important advances in ecology and ecosystems. To be considered for acceptance, a paper must contribute substantially to the advancement of knowledge in these areas and should promote an integrative approach. Studies of plant communities, populations or individual species are accepted, as well as studies of the interactions between plants and animals, fungi or bacteria, provided they focus on the ecology of the plants.

The journal publishes papers on plant ecology in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In addition to population and community ecology, articles on biogeochemistry, ecosystems, microbial ecology, physiological plant ecology, climate change, molecular genetics, and the interactions between plants and organisms such as animals or bacteria, are also published. Its scope includes applied issues such as biodiversity loss and climate change based on ecological research.

All articles published by this journal are made freely and permanently accessible online immediately upon publication, without subscription charges or registration barriers to the vary also, authors of articles published in this journal are the copyright holders of their articles and have granted to any third party, in advance and in perpetuity, the right to use, reproduce or disseminate articles.

The macro invertebrates of freshwater wetlands provide significant support to the aquatic food web and Contribute to ecosystem stability through sustenance of cultivatable fish, aquatic birds and other wild life. Their composition, abundance and distribution pattern acts as an ecosystem index, thereby indicating trophic structure, water quality and eutrophication level of the ecosystem.

Now-a-days wetlands and other deep water habitats is globally a subject of great ecological interest due to their socio-economic values and ecosystem services which has necessitated the need for reliable broad based information on their ecological status. The ecological functioning of these ecosystems has beengreatly affected by the growing anthropogenic activities. The Kashmir Himalayan valley, sustaining myriad of wetlands such as Hygam, Hokersar, Shallabugh, Malgam, Mirgund etc, has been witnessing rapid eco-degradation, especially since last few decades.

Shallabughwetland, a typical Kashmir Himalayan water body is fed by the Sindh Nalla to the west of the Anchar Lake. The wetland is of great socio-economic importance in view of its being a rich repository of avifaunal, macrophytic and zoo benthic diversity. During the past few years the area of the wetland has considerably decreased due to various.

The ecosystem is the community of living organisms in conjunction with non-living components of their environment, interacting as a system. A biological pyramid is the graphical portrayal of the number, energy, and biomass of the progressive trophic levels of an environment. Charles Elton was the primary environmentalist to portray the natural pyramid and its administrators in 1927. The biomass, number, and energy of organic entities going from the maker level to the customer level are addressed as a pyramid; consequently, it is known as the environmental pyramid.

The foundation of the natural pyramid includes the makers, trailed by essential and auxiliary buyers. The tertiary purchasers hold the summit. In some natural pecking orders, the quaternary shoppers are at the actual peak of the evolved way of life. The makers for the most part dwarf the essential purchasers and comparatively, the essential shoppers dwarf the auxiliary customers. Furthermore, in conclusion, pinnacle hunters likewise pursue similar direction as different purchasers; wherein, their numbers are extensively lower than the auxiliary customers. For instance, Grasshoppers feed on yields like cotton and wheat, which are abundant. These grasshoppers are then gone after by normal mice, which are similarly less in number. The mice are gone after by snakes like cobras. Snakes are eventually gone after by pinnacle hunters, for example, the earthy colored snake falcon.