Thenapan Chandrasekar^*
*Correspondence: Thenapan Chandrasekar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, Email:

Received: 06-Dec-2021 Published: 27-Dec-2021

Description

Cardiac surgery is conducted on the heart or major blood vessels. This surgery was created by when cardiac surgeons discovered the limits of hypothermia. It is frequently used to treat cardiovascular problems by including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular surgery is another name for it. When previous medicinal or surgical treatments have failed, cardiac transplant is a surgical operation performed on individuals with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease.

There are some types of cardiac surgery are such as Openheart surgery, Modern beating-heart surgery, Coronary artery bypass grafting, Heart transplant, Heart valve repair, Minimally invasive surgery etc.

Any type of surgery in which a surgeon makes a major incision in the chest to open the rib cage and operate on the heart is known as open-heart surgery. The word “open” refers to the chest rather than the heart. The surgeon may open the heart as well, depending on the type of operation. The heart is briefly stopped during such surgery, and the patient is placed on cardiopulmonary bypass, which means a machine pumps their blood and oxygen. Because the machine cannot perform the same functions as the heart, surgeons strive to keep the time a patient is on it to a minimum. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established in response to the limits of hypothermia in cardiac surgery namely, complex intracardiac repairs take time, and the patient need blood flow to the body especially the brain, as well as heart and lung function.

A beating heart bypass surgery is when your heart is bypassed while it is still beating. During operation, one’s heart will not be stopped. One will not require the use of a heart-lung machine. During operation, your heart and lungs will continue to function normally.

Coronary artery bypass grafting is a standard surgical operation that involves creating an alternate conduit for blood flow to the heart and body in order to avoid clot formation. This can be conducted in a variety of methods, and the arteries utilised can come from various parts of the body. Arteries are taken from the chest, arm, or wrist and linked to a part of the coronary artery, reducing pressure and decreasing clotting factors in that part of the heart. This can be done in a variety of ways and it is the most common type of heart surgery.

Heart valve repair is a surgical procedure that corrects flaws in heart valves in people who have valvular heart disease rather than replacing them. It refers to native heart valve repair rather than artificial heart valve repair without further clarification. Mechanical heart valves, bioprosthetic tissue valves, and designed tissue valves are the three types of artificial heart valves.

Minimally invasive procedures are surgical techniques that reduce the size of incisions required, reducing wound healing time, pain, and infection risk. This type of surgery is also called as minimally invasive surgeries. The advancement of numerous medical technologies has permitted minimally invasive surgeries. Endovascular aneurysm repair, as an example of minimally invasive surgery, is substantially less invasive than open aortic surgery since it uses much tiny incisions.