Authorship

International Scholars Journals considers authorship as a means by which we communicate the results of authors’ scholarly input and output, establish priority for their discoveries, and build their reputation among their peers with a view to giving them a veritable ground to be evaluated for employment, promotion, and tenure. In line with ISJ editorial tenets, authorship of a work is claimed by those making intellectual contributions to the completion of the research described in the work.

Determining ISJ Authorship

In line with ISJ editorial policy, authorship is limited to those who have contributed substantially to the work, as such authors are strongly encouraged to indicate their specific contributions as a footnote. In other words, authorship is someone who is involved in the writing of an article, including those who have made considerable contributions to a study such as formulating the problem or hypothesis, structuring the experimental design, organizing and conducting the statistical analysis, interpreting the results, or writing a major portion of the paper. Institutional position, such as Department Chair, is considered by ISJ as insufficient for attributing or justifying authorship.

Authors are those who also share responsibility and accountability for the results as well as bear responsibility for its contents. Thus, unless a footnote or the text of the paper explicitly assigns responsibility for different parts of the paper to different authors, the authors whose names appear on a paper must share responsibility for all of it. We advise that authors be listed in alphabetical order of their last names, irrespective of their contribution to the work.

In order to be considered an author by ISJ, one must have satisfied all three conditions:

• Contributed significantly to the conception and design of the study, the acquisition of data, or the analysis and interpretation
• Drafting or providing critical revision of the article, and
• Provided final approval of the version to be published

The acquisition of funding, or general supervision of the research group alone does not constitute authorship.

It is our belief that all co-authors should be able to understand and support the major points of the paper. An author's reputation can be damaged when he allows his name to be used on a paper he does not completely understand or was not intimately involved with.

All authors, including coauthors, are usually expected to have made reasonable attempts to check findings submitted for publication.